Hey there, pet parents. We're going to tackle a topic today that is probably the single biggest health threat to our canine companions: Obesity. It's estimated that over 50% of dogs in North America are overweight or obese. We often think of a chubby dog as being cute or well-loved, but those extra pounds are putting a huge strain on their body and can lead to a host of serious health problems and a shorter lifespan.
What is Obesity?
A dog is considered to be overweight if they are 10-20% above their ideal body weight. They are considered to be obese if they are 20% or more above their ideal body weight.
The problem is simple: the dog is taking in more calories than they are burning off. The excess energy is stored as fat.
How to Tell if Your Dog is Overweight: The Body Condition Score
It can be hard to tell if your own dog is overweight, as the weight gain is often very gradual. The best way to assess your dog's body condition is to use a Body Condition Score (BCS) chart. These charts are usually on a scale of 1 to 9.
- •A BCS of 4-5 is ideal.
- •A BCS of 6-7 is overweight.
- •A BCS of 8-9 is obese.
Here's what to look for in an ideal body condition:
- •The Rib Test: You should be able to easily feel your dog's ribs with a light touch. They shouldn't be sticking out, but you shouldn't have to press hard to find them.
- 1The Tummy Tuck: When you look at your dog from the side, their abdomen should tuck up from their chest. It shouldn't be a straight line from the chest to the hind legs.
- 2The Waistline: When you look at your dog from above, they should have a visible, "hourglass" waist behind their ribs.
If your dog fails these tests, they are likely carrying too much weight.
The Health Risks of Obesity
Those extra pounds are not harmless. Obesity is a chronic, low-level inflammatory state that contributes to many serious diseases and shortens a dog's lifespan by an average of two years.
- •Arthritis: Extra weight puts a huge strain on the joints, leading to the early onset and rapid progression of arthritis.
- •Cruciate Ligament Tears: Obese dogs are at a much higher risk of tearing their CCL.
- •Heart and Respiratory Disease: The heart and lungs have to work much harder in an obese dog.
- •Diabetes: Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and diabetes.
- •Increased Cancer Risk: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
- •Decreased Quality and Length of Life.
The Path to a Healthy Weight: Diet and Exercise
Helping your dog lose weight is simple, but it's not always easy. It requires commitment and a partnership with your veterinarian.
Step 1: The Vet Visit
The first step is a trip to the vet. Your vet will confirm that your dog is overweight, help you set an ideal target weight, and rule out any medical problems (like hypothyroidism) that could be contributing to the weight gain.
Step 2: The Diet Plan
Your vet will help you create a specific diet plan. This is the most important part of any weight loss journey.
- •Calculate the Calories: Your vet will calculate the exact number of calories your dog needs per day to lose weight safely.
- •Choose the Right Food: It's often best to use a prescription therapeutic weight loss diet. These diets are specially formulated to be low in calories but high in fiber and protein, so the dog can still eat a satisfying amount of food and not lose muscle mass.
- •Measure the Food: You must use a measuring cup to measure the exact amount of food for each meal. Do not just "fill the bowl."
- •Cut Out the Treats: This is the hard part for many owners. Treats, table scraps, and other snacks can add a huge number of calories. All the treats need to stop, or you need to switch to very low-calorie options (like baby carrots or green beans) and account for them in the daily calorie count. Remember, food is not love!
Step 3: The Exercise Plan
Increasing your dog's activity level will help to burn more calories and build muscle.
- •Start Slow: If your dog is very out of shape, start with short, slow leash walks and gradually increase the duration and intensity.
- •Make it Fun: Find an activity your dog loves, whether it's swimming, hiking, or playing fetch.
The Weigh-In
Regular weigh-ins at your vet's office (usually every 2-4 weeks) are crucial to make sure the plan is working and to make any necessary adjustments. A safe rate of weight loss is about 1-2% of the body weight per week.
Helping your dog lose weight is one of the most important things you can do for their health and longevity. It takes dedication, but when you see your dog running and playing with a new lease on life, it is one of the most rewarding experiences you can have as a pet parent.
Sources & Further Reading:
- •VCA Animal Hospitals - Obesity in Dogs
- 1American Kennel Club - How to Tell if Your Dog is Overweight